Dnsmasq i /etc/hosts

Nakon što smo riješili banalni problem konekcije (hvala puno svima na pomoći!), pojavio se problem koji do sada nisam imao. Naime pošto je ovaj ubuntu također i lokalni apache server, nisam u mogućnosti da ukucavanjem http://server sa klijent mašine i da tako pristupim web stranici.

Ne znam kako ali ovo je prvi put da mi se ovo događa. Moguće da sam nešto zbrljavio u dnsmasq.conf -u mada stvarno nemam pojma u čemu je problem.

ovako izgleda moj /etc/hosts

[code]127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 server
192.168.20.1 server

The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts

::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
ff02::3 ip6-allhosts[/code]
a ovo je dnsmasq.conf

[code]# Configuration file for dnsmasq.

Format is one option per line, legal options are the same

as the long options legal on the command line. See

“/usr/sbin/dnsmasq --help” or “man 8 dnsmasq” for details.

The following two options make you a better netizen, since they

tell dnsmasq to filter out queries which the public DNS cannot

answer, and which load the servers (especially the root servers)

uneccessarily. If you have a dial-on-demand link they also stop

these requests from bringing up the link uneccessarily.

Never forward plain names (without a dot or domain part)

#domain-needed

Never forward addresses in the non-routed address spaces.

#bogus-priv

Uncomment this to filter useless windows-originated DNS requests

which can trigger dial-on-demand links needlessly.

Note that (amongst other things) this blocks all SRV requests,

so don’t use it if you use eg Kerberos, SIP, XMMP or Google-talk.

This option only affects forwarding, SRV records originating for

dnsmasq (via srv-host= lines) are not suppressed by it.

#filterwin2k

Change this line if you want dns to get its upstream servers from

somewhere other that /etc/resolv.conf

#resolv-file=

By default, dnsmasq will send queries to any of the upstream

servers it knows about and tries to favour servers to are known

to be up. Uncommenting this forces dnsmasq to try each query

with each server strictly in the order they appear in

/etc/resolv.conf

#strict-order

If you don’t want dnsmasq to read /etc/resolv.conf or any other

file, getting its servers from this file instead (see below), then

uncomment this.

#no-resolv

If you don’t want dnsmasq to poll /etc/resolv.conf or other resolv

files for changes and re-read them then uncomment this.

#no-poll

Add other name servers here, with domain specs if they are for

non-public domains.

#server=/localnet/192.168.0.1

Example of routing PTR queries to nameservers: this will send all

address->name queries for 192.168.3/24 to nameserver 10.1.2.3

#server=/3.168.192.in-addr.arpa/10.1.2.3

Add local-only domains here, queries in these domains are answered

from /etc/hosts or DHCP only.

local=/localnet/

Add domains which you want to force to an IP address here.

The example below send any host in doubleclick.net to a local

webserver.

#address=/doubleclick.net/127.0.0.1

–address (and --server) work with IPv6 addresses too.

#address=/www.thekelleys.org.uk/fe80::20d:60ff:fe36:f83

You can control how dnsmasq talks to a server: this forces

queries to 10.1.2.3 to be routed via eth1

–server=10.1.2.3@eth1

and this sets the source (ie local) address used to talk to

10.1.2.3 to 192.168.1.1 port 55 (there must be a interface with that

IP on the machine, obviously).

--server=10.1.2.3@192.168.1.1#55

If you want dnsmasq to change uid and gid to something other

than the default, edit the following lines.

#user=
#group=

If you want dnsmasq to listen for DHCP and DNS requests only on

specified interfaces (and the loopback) give the name of the

interface (eg eth0) here.

Repeat the line for more than one interface.

#interface=

Or you can specify which interface not to listen on

#except-interface=

Or which to listen on by address (remember to include 127.0.0.1 if

you use this.)

#listen-address=

If you want dnsmasq to provide only DNS service on an interface,

configure it as shown above, and then use the following line to

disable DHCP on it.

#no-dhcp-interface=

On systems which support it, dnsmasq binds the wildcard address,

even when it is listening on only some interfaces. It then discards

requests that it shouldn’t reply to. This has the advantage of

working even when interfaces come and go and change address. If you

want dnsmasq to really bind only the interfaces it is listening on,

uncomment this option. About the only time you may need this is when

running another nameserver on the same machine.

#bind-interfaces

If you don’t want dnsmasq to read /etc/hosts, uncomment the

following line.

#no-hosts

or if you want it to read another file, as well as /etc/hosts, use

this.

#addn-hosts=/etc/banner_add_hosts

Set this (and domain: see below) if you want to have a domain

automatically added to simple names in a hosts-file.

#expand-hosts

Set the domain for dnsmasq. this is optional, but if it is set, it

does the following things.

1) Allows DHCP hosts to have fully qualified domain names, as long

as the domain part matches this setting.

2) Sets the “domain” DHCP option thereby potentially setting the

domain of all systems configured by DHCP

3) Provides the domain part for “expand-hosts”

#domain=thekelleys.org.uk

Uncomment this to enable the integrated DHCP server, you need

to supply the range of addresses available for lease and optionally

a lease time. If you have more than one network, you will need to

repeat this for each network on which you want to supply DHCP

service.

#dhcp-range=192.168.0.50,192.168.0.150,12h

This is an example of a DHCP range where the netmask is given. This

is needed for networks we reach the dnsmasq DHCP server via a relay

agent. If you don’t know what a DHCP relay agent is, you probably

don’t need to worry about this.

#dhcp-range=192.168.0.50,192.168.0.150,255.255.255.0,12h

This is an example of a DHCP range with a network-id, so that

some DHCP options may be set only for this network.

#dhcp-range=red,192.168.0.50,192.168.0.150

Supply parameters for specified hosts using DHCP. There are lots

of valid alternatives, so we will give examples of each. Note that

IP addresses DO NOT have to be in the range given above, they just

need to be on the same network. The order of the parameters in these

do not matter, it’s permissble to give name,adddress and MAC in any order

Always allocate the host with ethernet address 11:22:33:44:55:66

The IP address 192.168.0.60

#dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,192.168.0.60

Always set the name of the host with hardware address

11:22:33:44:55:66 to be “fred”

#dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,fred

Always give the host with ethernet address 11:22:33:44:55:66

the name fred and IP address 192.168.0.60 and lease time 45 minutes

#dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,fred,192.168.0.60,45m

Give the machine which says its name is “bert” IP address

192.168.0.70 and an infinite lease

#dhcp-host=bert,192.168.0.70,infinite

Always give the host with client identifier 01:02:02:04

the IP address 192.168.0.60

#dhcp-host=id:01:02:02:04,192.168.0.60

Always give the host with client identifier “marjorie”

the IP address 192.168.0.60

#dhcp-host=id:marjorie,192.168.0.60

Enable the address given for “judge” in /etc/hosts

to be given to a machine presenting the name “judge” when

it asks for a DHCP lease.

#dhcp-host=judge

Never offer DHCP service to a machine whose ethernet

address is 11:22:33:44:55:66

#dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,ignore

Ignore any client-id presented by the machine with ethernet

address 11:22:33:44:55:66. This is useful to prevent a machine

being treated differently when running under different OS’s or

between PXE boot and OS boot.

#dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,id:*

Send extra options which are tagged as “red” to

the machine with ethernet address 11:22:33:44:55:66

#dhcp-host=11:22:33:44:55:66,net:red

Send extra options which are tagged as “red” to

any machine with ethernet address starting 11:22:33:

#dhcp-host=11:22:33:::*,net:red

Ignore any clients which are specified in dhcp-host lines

or /etc/ethers. Equivalent to ISC “deny unkown-clients”.

This relies on the special “known” tag which is set when

a host is matched.

#dhcp-ignore=#known

Send extra options which are tagged as “red” to any machine whose

DHCP vendorclass string includes the substring “Linux”

#dhcp-vendorclass=red,Linux

Send extra options which are tagged as “red” to any machine one

of whose DHCP userclass strings includes the substring “accounts”

#dhcp-userclass=red,accounts

Send extra options which are tagged as “red” to any machine whose

MAC address matches the pattern.

#dhcp-mac=red,00:60:8C:::*

If this line is uncommented, dnsmasq will read /etc/ethers and act

on the ethernet-address/IP pairs found there just as if they had

been given as --dhcp-host options. Useful if you keep

MAC-address/host mappings there for other purposes.

#read-ethers

Send options to hosts which ask for a DHCP lease.

See RFC 2132 for details of available options.

Common options can be given to dnsmasq by name:

run “dnsmasq --help dhcp” to get a list.

Note that all the common settings, such as netmask and

broadcast address, DNS server and default route, are given

sane defaults by dnsmasq. You very likely will not need

any dhcp-options. If you use Windows clients and Samba, there

are some options which are recommended, they are detailed at the

end of this section.

Override the default route supplied by dnsmasq, which assumes the

router is the same machine as the one running dnsmasq.

#dhcp-option=3,1.2.3.4

Do the same thing, but using the option name

#dhcp-option=option:router,1.2.3.4

Override the default route supplied by dnsmasq and send no default

route at all. Note that this only works for the options sent by

default (1, 3, 6, 12, 28) the same line will send a zero-length option

for all other option numbers.

#dhcp-option=3

Set the NTP time server addresses to 192.168.0.4 and 10.10.0.5

#dhcp-option=option:ntp-server,192.168.0.4,10.10.0.5

Set the NTP time server address to be the same machine as

is running dnsmasq

#dhcp-option=42,0.0.0.0

Set the NIS domain name to “welly”

#dhcp-option=40,welly

Set the default time-to-live to 50

#dhcp-option=23,50

Set the “all subnets are local” flag

#dhcp-option=27,1

Send the etherboot magic flag and then etherboot options (a string).

#dhcp-option=128,e4:45:74:68:00:00
#dhcp-option=129,NIC=eepro100

Specify an option which will only be sent to the “red” network

(see dhcp-range for the declaration of the “red” network)

Note that the net: part must precede the option: part.

#dhcp-option = net:red, option:ntp-server, 192.168.1.1

The following DHCP options set up dnsmasq in the same way as is specified

for the ISC dhcpcd in

http://www.samba.org/samba/ftp/docs/textdocs/DHCP-Server-Configuration.txt

adapted for a typical dnsmasq installation where the host running

dnsmasq is also the host running samba.

you may want to uncomment them if you use Windows clients and Samba.

#dhcp-option=19,0 # option ip-forwarding off
#dhcp-option=44,0.0.0.0 # set netbios-over-TCP/IP nameserver(s) aka WINS server(s)
#dhcp-option=45,0.0.0.0 # netbios datagram distribution server
#dhcp-option=46,8 # netbios node type
#dhcp-option=47 # empty netbios scope.

Send RFC-3397 DNS domain search DHCP option. WARNING: Your DHCP client

probably doesn’t support this…

#dhcp-option=option:domain-search,eng.apple.com,marketing.apple.com

Send RFC-3442 classless static routes (note the netmask encoding)

#dhcp-option=121,192.168.1.0/24,1.2.3.4,10.0.0.0/8,5.6.7.8

Send vendor-class specific options encapsulated in DHCP option 43.

The meaning of the options is defined by the vendor-class so

options are sent only when the client supplied vendor class

matches the class given here. (A substring match is OK, so “MSFT”

matches “MSFT” and “MSFT 5.0”). This example sets the

mtftp address to 0.0.0.0 for PXEClients.

#dhcp-option=vendor:PXEClient,1,0.0.0.0

Send microsoft-specific option to tell windows to release the DHCP lease

when it shuts down. Note the “i” flag, to tell dnsmasq to send the

value as a four-byte integer - that’s what microsoft wants. See

http://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsServer/en/library/a70f1bb7-d2d4-49f0-96d6-4b7414ecfaae1033.mspx?mfr=true

#dhcp-option=vendor:MSFT,2,1i

Send the Encapsulated-vendor-class ID needed by some configurations of

Etherboot to allow is to recognise the DHCP server.

#dhcp-option=vendor:Etherboot,60,“Etherboot”

Send options to PXELinux. Note that we need to send the options even

though they don’t appear in the parameter request list, so we need

to use dhcp-option-force here.

See http://syslinux.zytor.com/pxe.php#special for details.

Magic number - needed before anything else is recognised

#dhcp-option-force=208,f1:00:74:7e

Configuration file name

#dhcp-option-force=209,configs/common

Path prefix

#dhcp-option-force=210,/tftpboot/pxelinux/files/

Reboot time. (Note ‘i’ to send 32-bit value)

#dhcp-option-force=211,30i

Set the boot filename for BOOTP. You will only need

this is you want to boot machines over the network and you will need

a TFTP server; either dnsmasq’s built in TFTP server or an

external one. (See below for how to enable the TFTP server.)

#dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0

Boot for Etherboot gPXE. The idea is to send two different

filenames, the first loads gPXE, and the second tells gPXE what to

load. The dhcp-match sets the gpxe tag for requests from gPXE.

#dhcp-match=gpxe,175 # gPXE sends a 175 option.
#dhcp-boot=net:#gpxe,undionly.kpxe
#dhcp-boot=mybootimage

Enable dnsmasq’s built-in TFTP server

#enable-tftp

Set the root directory for files availble via FTP.

#tftp-root=/var/ftpd

Make the TFTP server more secure: with this set, only files owned by

the user dnsmasq is running as will be send over the net.

#tftp-secure

Set the boot file name only when the “red” tag is set.

#dhcp-boot=net:red,pxelinux.red-net

An example of dhcp-boot with an external server: the name and IP

address of the server are given after the filename.

#dhcp-boot=/var/ftpd/pxelinux.0,boothost,192.168.0.3

Set the limit on DHCP leases, the default is 150

#dhcp-lease-max=150

The DHCP server needs somewhere on disk to keep its lease database.

This defaults to a sane location, but if you want to change it, use

the line below.

#dhcp-leasefile=/var/lib/misc/dnsmasq.leases

Set the DHCP server to authoritative mode. In this mode it will barge in

and take over the lease for any client which broadcasts on the network,

whether it has a record of the lease or not. This avoids long timeouts

when a machine wakes up on a new network. DO NOT enable this if there’s

the slighest chance that you might end up accidentally configuring a DHCP

server for your campus/company accidentally. The ISC server uses

the same option, and this URL provides more information:

http://www.isc.org/index.pl?/sw/dhcp/authoritative.php

#dhcp-authoritative

Run an executable when a DHCP lease is created or destroyed.

The arguments sent to the script are “add” or “del”,

then the MAC address, the IP address and finally the hostname

if there is one.

#dhcp-script=/bin/echo

Set the cachesize here.

#cache-size=150

If you want to disable negative caching, uncomment this.

#no-negcache

Normally responses which come form /etc/hosts and the DHCP lease

file have Time-To-Live set as zero, which conventionally means

do not cache further. If you are happy to trade lower load on the

server for potentially stale date, you can set a time-to-live (in

seconds) here.

#local-ttl=

If you want dnsmasq to detect attempts by Verisign to send queries

to unregistered .com and .net hosts to its sitefinder service and

have dnsmasq instead return the correct NXDOMAIN response, uncomment

this line. You can add similar lines to do the same for other

registries which have implemented wildcard A records.

#bogus-nxdomain=64.94.110.11

If you want to fix up DNS results from upstream servers, use the

alias option. This only works for IPv4.

This alias makes a result of 1.2.3.4 appear as 5.6.7.8

#alias=1.2.3.4,5.6.7.8

and this maps 1.2.3.x to 5.6.7.x

#alias=1.2.3.0,5.6.7.0,255.255.255.0

Change these lines if you want dnsmasq to serve MX records.

Return an MX record named “maildomain.com” with target

servermachine.com and preference 50

#mx-host=maildomain.com,servermachine.com,50

Set the default target for MX records created using the localmx option.

#mx-target=servermachine.com

Return an MX record pointing to the mx-target for all local

machines.

#localmx

Return an MX record pointing to itself for all local machines.

#selfmx

Change the following lines if you want dnsmasq to serve SRV

records. These are useful if you want to serve ldap requests for

Active Directory and other windows-originated DNS requests.

See RFC 2782.

You may add multiple srv-host lines.

The fields are ,,,,

If the domain part if missing from the name (so that is just has the

service and protocol sections) then the domain given by the domain=

config option is used. (Note that expand-hosts does not need to be

set for this to work.)

A SRV record sending LDAP for the example.com domain to

ldapserver.example.com port 289

#srv-host=_ldap._tcp.example.com,ldapserver.example.com,389

A SRV record sending LDAP for the example.com domain to

ldapserver.example.com port 289 (using domain=)

#domain=example.com
#srv-host=_ldap._tcp,ldapserver.example.com,389

Two SRV records for LDAP, each with different priorities

#srv-host=_ldap._tcp.example.com,ldapserver.example.com,389,1
#srv-host=_ldap._tcp.example.com,ldapserver.example.com,389,2

A SRV record indicating that there is no LDAP server for the domain

example.com

#srv-host=_ldap._tcp.example.com

The following line shows how to make dnsmasq serve an arbitrary PTR

record. This is useful for DNS-SD. (Note that the

domain-name expansion done for SRV records _does_not

occur for PTR records.)

#ptr-record=_http._tcp.dns-sd-services,“New Employee Page._http._tcp.dns-sd-services”

Change the following lines to enable dnsmasq to serve TXT records.

These are used for things like SPF and zeroconf. (Note that the

domain-name expansion done for SRV records _does_not

occur for TXT records.)

#Example SPF.
#txt-record=example.com,“v=spf1 a -all”

#Example zeroconf
#txt-record=_http._tcp.example.com,name=value,paper=A4

For debugging purposes, log each DNS query as it passes through

dnsmasq.

#log-queries

Log lots of extra information about DHCP transactions.

#log-dhcp

Include a another lot of configuration options.

#conf-file=/etc/dnsmasq.more.conf
#conf-dir=/etc/dnsmasq.d

address=/server/192.168.20.1[/code]
slučaju da je bitno… evo i conf od dhcp-a

[code]ddns-updates off;
option T150 code 150 = string;
deny client-updates;
one-lease-per-client false;
allow bootp;

Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd for Debian

Attention: If /etc/ltsp/dhcpd.conf exists, that will be used as

configuration file instead of this file.

$Id: dhcpd.conf,v 1.1.1.1 2002/05/21 00:07:44 peloy Exp $

The ddns-updates-style parameter controls whether or not the server will

attempt to do a DNS update when a lease is confirmed. We default to the

behavior of the version 2 packages (‘none’, since DHCP v2 didn’t

have support for DDNS.)

ddns-update-style none;

option definitions common to all supported networks…

option domain-name “example.org”;
option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;

If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local

network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.

#authoritative;

Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also

have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).

log-facility local7;

No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the

DHCP server to understand the network topology.

#subnet 10.152.187.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
#}

This is a very basic subnet declaration.

#subnet 10.254.239.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {

range 10.254.239.10 10.254.239.20;

option routers rtr-239-0-1.example.org, rtr-239-0-2.example.org;

#}

This declaration allows BOOTP clients to get dynamic addresses,

which we don’t really recommend.

#subnet 10.254.239.32 netmask 255.255.255.224 {

range dynamic-bootp 10.254.239.40 10.254.239.60;

option broadcast-address 10.254.239.31;

option routers rtr-239-32-1.example.org;

#}

A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.

#subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {

range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;

option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;

option domain-name “internal.example.org”;

option routers 10.5.5.1;

option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;

default-lease-time 600;

max-lease-time 7200;

#}

Hosts which require special configuration options can be listed in

host statements. If no address is specified, the address will be

allocated dynamically (if possible), but the host-specific information

will still come from the host declaration.

#host passacaglia {

hardware ethernet 0:0:c0:5d:bd:95;

filename “vmunix.passacaglia”;

server-name “toccata.fugue.com”;

#}

Fixed IP addresses can also be specified for hosts. These addresses

should not also be listed as being available for dynamic assignment.

Hosts for which fixed IP addresses have been specified can boot using

BOOTP or DHCP. Hosts for which no fixed address is specified can only

be booted with DHCP, unless there is an address range on the subnet

to which a BOOTP client is connected which has the dynamic-bootp flag

set.

#host fantasia {

hardware ethernet 08:00:07:26:c0:a5;

fixed-address fantasia.fugue.com;

#}

You can declare a class of clients and then do address allocation

based on that. The example below shows a case where all clients

in a certain class get addresses on the 10.17.224/24 subnet, and all

other clients get addresses on the 10.0.29/24 subnet.

#class “foo” {

match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 4) = “SUNW”;

#}

#shared-network 224-29 {

subnet 10.17.224.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

option routers rtr-224.example.org;

}

subnet 10.0.29.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

option routers rtr-29.example.org;

}

pool {

allow members of “foo”;

range 10.17.224.10 10.17.224.250;

}

pool {

deny members of “foo”;

range 10.0.29.10 10.0.29.230;

}

#}
subnet 192.168.20.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
interface eth0;
range 192.168.20.50 192.168.20.200;
default-lease-time 6000;
max-lease-time 7200;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option broadcast-address 192.168.20.255;
option routers 192.168.20.1;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.20.1;
}[/code]

izvinjavam se još jednom na banalnom propustu, bilo je dovoljno u firewall-u osloboditi port 80… stvarno sam nesmotren…